The diagram shows five levels of organization in a multicellular organism. The most basic unit is the cell; groups of similar cells form tissues; groups of different tissues make up organs; groups of organs form organ systems; cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems combine to form a multicellular organism.
The cell is the basic living unit of the human body—indeed, of all organisms. The human body consists of trillions of cells, each capable of growth, metabolism, response to stimuli, and, with some exceptions, reproduction. Although there are some 200 different types of cells in the body, these can be grouped into four basic classes. These four basic cell types, together with their extracellular materials, form the fundamental tissues of the human body:
1. Epithelial tissues, which cover the body’s surface and line the
internal organs, body cavities, and passageways
2. muscle tissues, which are capable of contraction and form the
body’s musculature
3. Nerve tissues, which conduct electrical impulses and make up
the nervous system
4. connective tissues, which are composed of widely spaced cells
and large amounts of intercellular matrix and which bind
together various body structures.
Bone and blood are considered specialized connective tissues, in which the intercellular matrix is, respectively, hard and liquid.
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